Uridine | 58-96-8

Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that serves as a fundamental building block for RNA (ribonucleic acid), one of the two major types of nucleic acids essential for the storage and transmission of genetic information in cells.

Chemical Structure: Uridine consists of the pyrimidine base uracil attached to the five-carbon sugar ribose via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.

Biological Role:

RNA Building Block: Uridine is a critical component of RNA, where it forms the backbone of RNA molecules alongside other nucleosides such as adenosine, guanosine, and cytidine.

Messenger RNA (mRNA): In mRNA, uridine residues encode genetic information during transcription, carrying instructions from DNA to the protein synthesis machinery in the cell.

Transfer RNA (tRNA): Uridine is also present intRNA molecules, where it participates in the translation process by recognizing specific codons and delivering the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome.

Metabolism: Uridine can be synthesized de novo within cells or obtained from dietary sources. It is produced through the enzymatic conversion of orotidine monophosphate (OMP) or uridine monophosphate (UMP) in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.

Physiological Significance:

Neurotransmitter Precursor: Uridine plays a role in brain function and development. It is a precursor for the synthesis of brain phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine, which are essential for neuronal membrane integrity and neurotransmitter signaling.

Neuroprotective Effects: Uridine has been studied for its potential neuroprotective properties and its ability to enhance synaptic function and neuronal plasticity.

Therapeutic Potential:

Uridine and its derivatives have been investigated for potential therapeutic applications in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and mood disorders.

Uridine supplementation has been explored as a strategy to support cognitive function and alleviate symptoms associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Dietary Sources: Uridine is found naturally in various foods, including meat, fish, vegetables, and dairy products.