Adenosine 5′-monophosphate | 61-19-8

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide composed of adenine, ribose, and a single phosphate group.

Chemical Structure: AMP is derived from the nucleoside adenosine, where adenine is linked to ribose, and an additional phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of ribose through a phosphoester bond.

Biological Role: AMP is an essential component of nucleic acids, serving as a monomer in the construction of RNA molecules. In RNA, AMP is incorporated into the polymer chain through phosphodiester bonds, forming the backbone of the RNA strand.

Energy Metabolism: AMP is also involved in cellular energy metabolism. It serves as a precursor to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by enzymes such as adenylate kinase. ATP, in particular, is a primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.

Metabolic Regulation: AMP plays a role in regulating cellular energy balance. Cellular AMP levels can fluctuate in response to metabolic changes and energy demands. High levels of AMP relative to ATP can activate cellular energy-sensing pathways, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis.

Dietary Source: AMP can be obtained from dietary sources, particularly in foods rich in nucleic acids, such as meat, fish, and legumes.

Pharmacological Applications: AMP and its derivatives have been investigated for potential therapeutic applications. For example, cAMP (cyclic AMP), a derivative of AMP, serves as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways and is targeted by various drugs for the treatment of conditions like asthma, cardiovascular disorders, and hormonal imbalances.